[Smoking in People Living with HIV (PLHA) and followed up in the Outpatient Department of the Hospital Fann of Dakar]. / Le tabagisme chez les patients vivant avec le VIH (PvVIH) suivis au Centre de Traitement Ambulatoire de l'Hôpital Fann de Dakar.

INTRODUCTION: PLHA who smoke have twice the never-smoker mortality rate and have an increased risk of developing non-AIDS diseases. The prevalence of tobacco smoking is higher among PLHA than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of smoking among PLHA, to describe the clinical and spirometric features of smokers and ex-smokers and to assess their knowledge and attitudes toward smoking. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study among PLHA followed up in the Outpatient Department of the National University Hospital Center of Fann from 15 July to 15 December 2015. RESULTS: Three hundred (300) PLHA were included in the study. Sex ratio was 0.8. Out of the study population, 15% were smokers and 23.7% were ex-smokers. The average age of patients was 44.38±9.55 years. The quasi-totality of the smokers (91.1%) had already started smoking before the detection of the serological status and 35.6% of them had increased tobacco use after. Respiratory symptoms among smokers were dominated by respiratory distress (64.4%). Smokers who underwent spirometry had obstructive ventilatory impairment not improved by beta-2-mimetic agents (67%) and restrictive disease (28.1%). Out of ex-smokers, 40.8% reported that their serological status was the reason for smoking cessation. CONCLUSION: People may begin or increase smoking after knowledge of serological status. In PLHA, smoking causes cardiovascular and respiratory diseases as well as complications.

Observed and Modeled Seasonal Air Quality and Respiratory Health in Senegal During 2015 and 2016.

In this work, we use existing particulate matter (PM) data from Dakar, Senegal, satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to evaluate the role of dust transport from the Sahara and PM concentrations and exposure into other administrative districts of Senegal during 2015 and 2016. We also use data from the Ministry of Health to examine spatial and temporal patterns of acute respiratory infections, asthma, bronchitis, and tuberculosis across Senegal with an emphasis on Northern Hemisphere winter December-February, when air quality is poor, and June-August when there is an improvement in air quality. Measurements in Dakar, Senegal, suggest hazardous PM10 concentrations associated with Saharan dust storms but lower PM10 concentrations during the summer. The WRF dust simulations show a similar temporal pattern to the observations in Dakar, Senegal, with notable biases. However, the WRF model suggests that the highest dust concentrations are found across the northern half of Senegal during the winter season where there are no currently PM measurements. Health data during 2015-2016 show the highest prevalence of asthma and bronchitis in Dakar, Senegal, suggesting that other sources of air pollution are important. Acute respiratory infection is prevalent throughout the country with the high prevalence found in rural zones, for children between 12 and 59 months. All measures including real-time monitoring, air quality forecast, and communication should be used to protect the public from potentially hazardous environmental conditions during the winter season.

[Radiological features of microscopy-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in patients in the Pneumology Department at the National University Hospital, Fann, Dakar (Sénégal)]. / Particularités radiologiques de la tuberculose pulmonaire à microscopie positive au Service de Pneumologie du Centre Hospitalier National Universitaire de FANN (CHNUF), Dakar (Sénégal).

This study aimed to determine the radiological features of microscopy-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We conducted a retrospective study, analyzing radiographical imaging of patients with microscopy-positive pulmonary tuberculosis between 15 November 2015 and 15 March 2016. The medical records of 66 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected, 81.8% of which belonged to men. The average age of patients was 37.5 ± 14.9 years. Patients had variable parenchymal lesions dominated by infiltrated lesions in 84.8% (CI 95%; 73.9-92.4%) of cases, followed by alveolar syndrome in 68.2% (CI95%; 55.5-79.1%) of cases. Lesions were extensive in 71.2% (CI 95%; 58.7-81.7%) of cases and bilateral in 45.4% (CI 95%; 31.1-58.1%) of cases. These radiological abnormalities occurred in 52.2% (CI 95%; 36.9 - 67.1%) of cases in undernourished patients. In 22.7% (CI 95%; 13.3-34.7%) of cases, these lesions were secondary to an episode of pulmonary tuberculosis; 34.8% (IC95; 23.5 - 47.5%) of patients were regular tobacco smokers consuming, on average, 17 tobacco packs per year (±11.3). TB recurrences were more frequent in patients with a history of smoking versus non-smokers (26.1% versus 20.9%, p < 0.42 respectively). HIV-1 serology test was positive in 7.6% of cases. This study highlights the importance of suspecting pulmonary tuberculosis in young undernourished patients, having a history of smoking, with infiltrated lesions associated or not with cavitary lesions on radiographic examination and living in TB epidemic area.